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Flow & productivity

Takt time and line balancing, bottleneck, time study, staffing, SMED and lead time.

Takt time and line balancing

Calculate takt time from demand and available time, build the stations’ Yamazumi chart, find the bottleneck, the theoretical minimum operators, balance efficiency and the cost of imbalance.

Yamazumi, bottleneck, minimum operators

Bottleneck (TOC)

Identify the bottleneck step, calculate what an hour and a minute there are worth in throughput accounting and see the payback of elevating the constraint up to the next step or the market.

TOC, hourly value, next constraint

Time study and standard time

Paste your stopwatch readings and check whether the sample is sufficient, then get normal time with the performance rating, standard time with allowances and output per hour and per shift.

Sample size, rating, allowances

Staffing and coverage

Calculate how many people you need to keep positions staffed on every shift, with contracted hours, vacation, holidays, absenteeism and training, and the gain from reducing absences.

Coverage factor, shifts, absenteeism

SMED and EPEI

Simulate changeover reduction with SMED, productive hours freed per year, the new EPEI of the mix and the payback in capacity or inventory reduction.

Internal vs external setup, lots, EPEI

Little’s Law and flow efficiency

Build a value stream map with inventories and process times, then calculate lead time by Little’s Law, flow efficiency, critical WIP and the working capital freed by cutting work-in-process.

WIP, lead time, VSM, working capital