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Cash conversion cycle and working capital

Enter sales and the average days of inventory, collection and payment to see how long cash is tied up, what it costs and how much is freed by shortening the cycle.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Preliminary estimate
Operations
Average days today

Average days: inventory ÷ daily cost of sales; receivables ÷ daily sales; payables ÷ daily purchases.

Targets
Funding
—Working capital requirement
—

Cycle timeline

From receiving goods to collecting from the customer; the red band is the period the company finances.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Working capital today and at target

Receivables and inventory consume cash; payables fund operations.

Tap the chart to see the values.

The report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

Operating cycle = DIO + DSO; cash conversion cycle = DIO + DSO − DPO
Working capital = daily sales × DSO + daily cost × DIO − daily cost × DPO
Funding cost = working capital × annual rate; added requirement = working capital × growth

Assumptions and limits

  • Purchases equal cost of sales (stable inventory); 30-day month.
  • Excludes accrued wages, taxes and other payables, which reduce the requirement.

Standards and technical documents

  • Assaf Neto, A.; Silva, C. A. T. Administração do Capital de Giro. Atlas
  • Brealey, R. A.; Myers, S. C.; Allen, F. Principles of Corporate Finance: working capital management. McGraw-Hill
  • Richards, V. D.; Laughlin, E. J. A cash conversion cycle approach to liquidity analysis. Financial Management, 1980

U.S. regulations

  • UCC Article 9: secured transactions on receivables and inventory (asset-based lending)
  • Prompt Payment Act (federal contracts, 31 U.S.C. 3901)

Frequently asked questions

How do I calculate the cash conversion cycle?

Add days inventory outstanding and days sales outstanding, then subtract days payable outstanding. With 45 days of inventory, 45 of receivables and 35 of payables, the cycle is 55 days.

What is the working capital requirement?

Cash tied up in operations: receivables plus inventory minus payables. It must be funded with equity or short-term borrowing.

How can working capital be reduced?

By cutting inventory (smaller lots, higher turns), collecting faster (early payment discounts, selective factoring) and negotiating longer supplier terms.