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Oil viscosity versus temperature

Pick the ISO VG grade or enter viscosities at 40 and 100 °C to get viscosity at operating temperature and cold start and check it against your hydraulic pump.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Check
Oil

Picking a grade fills 100 °C with a typical mineral oil value at a viscosity index near 100. Use the oil data sheet for better accuracy.

Operation
—Viscosity at operating temperature
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Viscosity versus temperature

Log scale. The shaded band is the ideal viscosity for the application; dashed lines are the limits.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Each grade’s viscosity at operating temperature

Compares typical ISO VG grades to pick the one inside the ideal range.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Next step

Take this page’s results to another calculator with the fields already filled in.

The report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

ASTM D341 (Walther): log10 log10(ν + 0.7) = A − B log10 T, T in K; A and B from the 40 °C and 100 °C points
Density: ρ(T) = ρ15 · [1 − 0.00065 · (T − 15)]; dynamic viscosity μ = ν · ρ

Assumptions and limits

  • Valid for mineral and paraffinic synthetic oils between about 2 cSt and 20,000 cSt; VI-improved oils may deviate at extreme temperatures.
  • Pump viscosity ranges are typical manufacturer references; equipment manual values prevail.

Standards and technical documents

  • ASTM D341-20: Standard Practice for Viscosity–Temperature Equations and Charts for Liquid Petroleum or Hydrocarbon Products
  • ISO 3448:1992: Industrial liquid lubricants — ISO viscosity classification
  • ASTM D2270: Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C
  • ISO 6743-4: Lubricants, industrial oils — Classification — Family H (hydraulic systems)

U.S. regulations

  • EPA 40 CFR Part 279: standards for the management of used oil
  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147: lockout/tagout of hydraulic energy

Frequently asked questions

How do I find oil viscosity at another temperature?

With the 40 °C and 100 °C viscosities from the data sheet, the ASTM D341 Walther equation gives viscosity at any temperature. The calculator does it and plots the curve.

What viscosity does a hydraulic pump need?

Piston pumps run best between 16 and 36 cSt, with a minimum around 10 cSt and up to 1,000 cSt at start-up. Gear pumps tolerate somewhat wider ranges.

What does ISO VG 46 mean?

The oil is 46 cSt at 40 °C, within ±10% (41.4 to 50.6 cSt), per ISO 3448.