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Repair or replace equipment

Enter the value, overhaul and costs of the current equipment and the price and costs of a new one to compare equivalent annual cost, find the economic life and decide whether to keep or replace.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Preliminary estimate
Current equipment
New equipment
Economic analysis
—Equivalent annual cost: current vs new
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Equivalent annual cost versus years of use

The lowest point of each curve is its economic life. Replace when the new unit’s EAC is below the current one’s.

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Annual operating and maintenance cost

Spending each year keeping the current unit or with the new one, excluding investment.

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Cumulative cash flow of replacement

Net investment in year 0 and cost difference each year, undiscounted and discounted.

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The report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

EAC = PV(costs) × CRF(i, n); CRF = i(1 + i)ⁿ ÷ ((1 + i)ⁿ − 1)
Keep for k years: PV = resale value today + overhaul + Σ (maintenanceₜ + energy) ÷ (1 + i)ᵗ − residualₖ ÷ (1 + i)ᵏ
New for m years: PV = price + Σ (maintenanceₜ + energy × (1 − savings)) ÷ (1 + i)ᵗ − residualₘ ÷ (1 + i)ᵐ
Economic life = n that minimizes EAC; replace now if the new unit’s minimum EAC < the current unit’s minimum EAC

Assumptions and limits

  • The resale value given up today is a cost of keeping the current unit (opportunity cost).
  • Pre-tax values; tax depreciation and credits change the result and should be included in the final analysis.
  • The new unit’s residual falls linearly to the final percentage; the current unit’s residual falls at a constant annual rate.
  • Same capacity and output quality for both options.

Standards and technical documents

  • IEC 60300-3-3:2017: Dependability management — Life cycle costing
  • ISO 15686-5:2017: Buildings and constructed assets — Service life planning — Life-cycle costing
  • ISO 55000:2024: Asset management — Vocabulary, overview and principles
  • Newnan, D. G. et al. Engineering Economic Analysis, 14th ed. Oxford, 2019 (replacement analysis)

U.S. regulations

  • IRS Publication 946: MACRS depreciation of machinery and equipment
  • ASC 360-10: impairment and disposal of long-lived assets

Frequently asked questions

When should you replace equipment?

When the new unit’s equivalent annual cost over its economic life is lower than the lowest equivalent annual cost of keeping the current one. Rising maintenance, major overhauls and high energy use speed up replacement.

What is economic life?

It is the number of years of use with the lowest equivalent annual cost. It can be much shorter than physical life: the equipment still runs, but keeping it already costs more than replacing it.

Why is resale value counted as a cost?

Because by keeping the equipment the company gives up selling it today. That value is the opportunity cost of keeping it.