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Steam & combustion

Steam tables, steam cost, fuels, boiler efficiency, blowdown, condensate, flue gas and stacks.

Steam and fuel cost

Calculate steam cost per ton, fuel consumption and the savings from switching between gas, oil, propane and biomass, with payback and NPV.

Cost per ton, fuel use, wood, gas or oil

Condensate and flash steam

Calculate the flash steam fraction and the fuel, water and treatment savings from more condensate return, with payback and NPV.

Flash fraction, water, fuel, return

Heating value and equivalence

Compare the cost per useful GJ of wood, chips, bagasse, natural gas, propane, fuel oil and electricity, with biomass LHV by moisture (ISO 18125).

LHV by moisture, cost per useful GJ

Boiler efficiency and blowdown

Estimate boiler efficiency from losses (O₂ and stack temperature), the minimum blowdown from TDS and the savings from combustion tuning, an economizer and blowdown heat recovery.

O₂, stack, blowdown, economizer, flash

Steam tables

Saturation temperature, enthalpy, latent heat, entropy and specific volume of saturated, wet and superheated steam from IAPWS-IF97, with a T-s diagram and a downloadable table.

Saturated, superheated, wet

Flue gas and stack draft

Compute flue gas flow in Nm³/h and at actual temperature, excess air from O₂, water and sulfuric acid dew points and natural stack draft, with preliminary stack diameter sizing.

Nm³/h, acid dew point, draft

Flue gas ducts and ID fan

Add up pressure drop in each round or rectangular hot gas duct section, its bends and equipment, find ID fan pressure and flow and the payback of replacing damper control with a VFD.

Sections, equipment, fan pressure