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Takt time and line balancing

Enter demand, shifts, breaks and each station’s work content to get takt time, the Yamazumi chart, the bottleneck, the minimum number of operators and the annual cost of imbalance.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Preliminary estimate
Demand and available time

Other stops: start-of-shift meetings, stretching, cleaning. The allowance keeps part of the takt for expected losses.

Work content per station (0 = no station)
More than 10 stations? Paste the list from Excel

One row per station: name (optional) and cycle time in seconds. No limit on stations.

See what was read
Costs
Economic analysis
—Takt time
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Current line Yamazumi

Work content of each station with the takt line (red) and planned cycle time line (orange).

Tap the chart to see the values.

Line rebalanced to the minimum number of stations

Ideal split of the same total work across the theoretical minimum number of operators.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Project payback

Cash flow of the improvement: investment in year 0 and annual savings escalated at the rate entered, discounted at the MARR.

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The report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

Available time = shifts × (length − breaks − other stops); takt = available time ÷ demand
Planned cycle time = takt × (1 − allowance); capacity = available time ÷ time of the most loaded station
Theoretical minimum operators = ⌈Σ work content ÷ planned cycle time⌉
Balance efficiency = Σ work ÷ (N × max time); idle = 1 − Σ work ÷ (N × planned cycle)
Annual imbalance cost = (N − Nmin) × shifts × hours per shift × days × operator cost

Assumptions and limits

  • One operator per station per shift; divisible tasks for the ideal rebalance (in practice, precedence and task size limit the split).
  • Work content already includes allowances (standard time); use the time study calculator to obtain them.
  • The avoided cost is only realized if freed operators are reassigned or not replaced.

Standards and technical documents

  • Rother, M.; Harris, R. Creating Continuous Flow. Lean Enterprise Institute, 2001
  • Ohno, T. Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production. Productivity Press, 1988
  • Monden, Y. Toyota Production System, 4th ed. CRC, 2011
  • ISO 22400-2:2014: KPIs for manufacturing operations management

U.S. regulations

  • Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 CFR 785.18: short rest periods of 5 to 20 minutes are paid working time
  • OSHA General Duty Clause and NIOSH guidance on repetitive work and work-rest cycles

Frequently asked questions

How do you calculate takt time?

Divide available time by demand for the same period. Two 8-hour shifts with 60 minutes of breaks give 50,400 s; for 900 parts per day, takt is about 56 s.

What is the difference between takt time and cycle time?

Takt is the pace the customer asks for. Cycle time is the line’s real pace, set by the slowest station. The line meets demand only if cycle time is below takt.

How do you calculate the minimum number of operators?

Add the work content of all stations and divide by the planned cycle time, rounding up. With 290 s of work and a 52 s cycle, you need 6 operators.