Home / Costs & investments

Make or buy

Enter the supplier price and what it costs to make in-house to see which option is cheaper, above what volume and how fast the investment pays back.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Preliminary estimate
Volume
Buy
Make

Use the machine hour rate calculator. The variable part is energy, maintenance and consumables: what changes if the machine starts making the part.

Economic analysis
—Annual savings from making
—

Unit cost versus annual volume

Making spreads investment and fixed costs over volume; buying has a nearly constant cost.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Unit cost breakdown

Incremental cost of making (with annualized investment) compared with total cost of buying.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Project payback

Cash flow of the improvement: investment in year 0 and annual savings escalated at the rate entered, discounted at the MARR.

Tap the chart to see the values.

The report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

Buy: price × (1 + freight and duties + quality) + supplier management ÷ volume
Make (incremental): [material + variable hour rate × machine time + labor × labor time] ÷ (1 − scrap) + (new fixed + investment × CRF) ÷ volume
Break-even volume = (new fixed + annualized investment − supplier management) ÷ (unit buy cost − variable make cost)

Assumptions and limits

  • Pre-tax values; for after-tax analysis, use the investment appraisal calculator.
  • Labor is treated as incremental; if staff already exists and is idle, use zero or the overtime cost.

Standards and technical documents

  • Horngren, C. T.; Datar, S. M.; Rajan, M. V. Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis. Pearson
  • CIMA Official Terminology: relevant costing, make or buy
  • Martins, E. Contabilidade de Custos. Atlas

U.S. regulations

  • IRC §162 (ordinary business expenses) and §168 (MACRS and bonus depreciation)
  • Federal Acquisition Regulation part 15.407-2 (make-or-buy programs, for government contractors)

Frequently asked questions

How do I decide between make and buy?

Compare total cost to buy with the incremental cost to make: only what changes if the part is produced. Add material, energy, extra labor, new fixed costs and annualized investment.

Should I use the full machine hour rate?

Only if the machine is bought for this part. If you use idle capacity, depreciation and interest already exist and do not change; only the variable part of the rate counts.

What else matters besides cost?

Technology know-how, dependence on a single supplier, lead time, quality, intellectual property and focus on the core business.