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Electric motor sizing

Enter the machine, drive, duty and site to get the induction motor size, operating load, starting time and current and the voltage dip on the supply.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Pre-sizing
Load
Drive and speed
Duty and site
Starting and supply
Motor catalog data (optional)

Leave 0 to use typical values for IE3 / NEMA Premium three-phase induction motors (NEMA design B).

—Recommended motor
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Motor and load torque during starting

The area between the curves is the torque that accelerates the drive. If the curves touch, the motor does not reach rated speed.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Speed and current during starting

Motor speed (left axis) and current as a multiple of rated (right axis).

Tap the chart to see the values.

Next step

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Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

Conveyor: P = F · v; hoist: P = m · g · v · (1 − counterweight); P_motor = P ÷ η_drive; P_required = P_motor · (1 + margin) ÷ (k_T · k_altitude)
Duty: P_rms = √(Σ P² t ÷ (Σ t_on + 0.3 · Σ t_off)); S3: P_eq = P · √(df ÷ (df + 0.3 · (1 − df))); peak ≤ 0.8 · T_max ÷ T_n · P_n
Acceleration: t = ∫ J_total · dω ÷ (T_motor − T_load); J_total = J_motor + J_load ÷ i²; star-delta: T and I ÷ 3; soft starter: T = T_DOL · (I_lim ÷ I_DOL)²
I_n = P_n ÷ (√3 · V · η · PF); starting dip ≈ S_start ÷ (S_sc + S_start), S_sc = S_transformer ÷ Z%

Assumptions and limits

  • Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor, NEMA Premium (IE3), NEMA design B (IEC design N); typical efficiency, power factor, torques, locked-rotor current and inertia by rating and poles when not entered.
  • Altitude derating of 1% per 330 ft above 3,300 ft and catalog temperature derating above 104 °F; service factor is not used for sizing.
  • Typical locked-rotor time 10 s (to 50 hp) and 15 s (above); with a VFD the start is limited by the ramp. Pre-sizing: confirm with the manufacturer catalog.

Standards and technical documents

  • IEC 60034-1: Rotating electrical machines — Rating and performance (duty types S1 to S10, altitude and temperature)
  • IEC 60034-12: Starting performance of single-speed three-phase cage induction motors
  • IEC 60034-30-1: Efficiency classes of line-operated AC motors (IE code)
  • NEMA MG 1-2021: Motors and Generators (design B torque and locked-rotor current, NEMA ratings)
  • IEC 60072-1: Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
  • ABNT NBR 17094-1: Máquinas elétricas girantes — motores de indução trifásicos

U.S. regulations

  • DOE 10 CFR Part 431, Subpart B: energy conservation standards for electric motors (NEMA Premium)
  • NFPA 70 (NEC) Article 430: motor circuits, controllers and overload protection

Frequently asked questions

How do I size an electric motor?

Calculate machine shaft power, divide by drive efficiency, apply the margin and altitude and temperature derating, and pick the next standard NEMA rating. Then check that starting torque overcomes the load and that acceleration time is acceptable.

Why not oversize the motor?

Below about 50% load, efficiency and especially power factor drop, while starting current and cost rise. A well-chosen motor runs between 75 and 100% of rated power.

When should I use star-delta, a soft starter or a VFD?

Star-delta and soft starters reduce starting current but also torque, so they suit pumps and fans. For loads that start with high torque or need variable speed, a VFD is the choice.