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Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions

Enter the fuel burned in the year, refrigerant recharged and electricity purchased to estimate the metric tons of CO₂ equivalent from each source, the scope 1 and 2 total and the intensity per unit of output.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Preliminary estimate
Method
Scope 1: fuel burned in the year
Scope 1: refrigerant recharged in the year
Scope 2: purchased electricity

Enter the official factor for the inventory year. In the U.S., use EPA eGRID for your subregion; the example is the eGRID2023 national average total output rate (770.9 lb CO₂e/MWh).

Intensity (optional)
—Scope 1 and 2 emissions (location-based scope 2)
—

Emissions by source

Metric tons of CO₂ equivalent per year from each fuel, the refrigerant and electricity (location-based). Biogenic CO₂ is excluded.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Location-based and market-based totals

The two scope 2 reporting methods required by the GHG Protocol, added to scope 1.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Detail by source and gas

The calculation report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

IPCC: E = fuel use · LHV; CO₂ = E · EF_CO₂; CH₄ = E · EF_CH₄; N₂O = E · EF_N₂O (factors in kg/TJ)
EPA: CO₂ = units · HHV per unit · kg CO₂/mmBtu (same for CH₄ and N₂O in g/mmBtu)
CO₂e = fossil CO₂ + GWP_CH₄ · CH₄ + GWP_N₂O · N₂O + Σ GWP_HFC · mass recharged; CO₂ from biomass and the bio share (2.482 kg/L biodiesel, 1.507 kg/L ethanol) reported separately
Scope 2: location-based = MWh · grid factor; market-based = MWh · contract factor; intensity = (scope 1 + location-based scope 2) ÷ output

Assumptions and limits

  • IPCC 2006, vol. 2: LHVs from table 1.2 (natural gas 48.0; diesel 43.0; gasoline 44.3; LPG 47.3; residual fuel oil 40.4; bituminous coal 25.8; pet coke 32.5; wood 15.6; charcoal 29.5 MJ/kg); industrial stationary combustion factors (table 2.3) and, for the fleet, road transport (tables 3.2.1 and 3.2.2: diesel CH₄ 3.9 and N₂O 3.9 kg/TJ; gasoline with oxidation catalyst 25 and 8.0 kg/TJ). Densities: diesel 0.84, gasoline 0.74, LPG 0.51 and fuel oil 0.98 kg/L; natural gas LHV 36 MJ/m³ (editable).
  • EPA Emission Factors Hub 2025 (tables 1 and 2): natural gas 0.001026 mmBtu/scf and 53.06 kg CO₂/mmBtu; distillate No. 2 0.138 mmBtu/gal and 73.96; No. 6 0.150 and 75.10; propane 0.091 and 62.87; gasoline 0.125 and 70.22; bituminous coal 24.93 mmBtu/short ton and 93.28; pet coke 30.00 and 102.41; wood 17.48 and 93.80. In the Hub, vehicle CH₄ and N₂O depend on miles driven; IPCC values are used here. Refrigerant GWPs: AR5 or AR6 HFC components weighted by blend composition.
  • Process emissions (calcination, chemical reactions), wastewater, waste, scope 3 and removals are not included. Biodiesel and ethanol shares are handled by volume.

Standards and technical documents

  • GHG Protocol. A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, revised edition, WRI/WBCSD, 2004
  • GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance, WRI, 2015
  • IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, vol. 2 (Energy), chapters 1 to 3
  • IPCC AR5 WG1 (2013), table 8.A.1, and AR6 WG1 (2021), table 7.15 and 7.SM.7: global warming potentials
  • U.S. EPA. GHG Emission Factors Hub, 2025
  • ISO 14064-1:2018: Greenhouse gases — Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting

U.S. regulations

  • EPA 40 CFR Part 98: Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting (facilities emitting 25,000 metric tons CO₂e or more per year)
  • California SB 253 (Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act): scope 1 and 2 reporting for large companies doing business in California
  • Clean Air Act Section 608 and 40 CFR Part 82 Subpart F: refrigerant management and leak repair

Frequently asked questions

What are scope 1 and scope 2 emissions?

Under the GHG Protocol, scope 1 covers a company’s direct emissions: fuel burned in its boilers, furnaces, generators and vehicles, plus refrigerant leaks. Scope 2 covers the emissions from generating the electricity it buys. This calculator adds both in metric tons of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) per year.

Where do I get the input data?

From the year’s invoices: scf or therms of natural gas, gallons of diesel, gasoline and propane, tons of coal or wood. Electricity comes from utility bills in MWh. Refrigerant recharged is in HVAC and refrigeration service records; what was recharged is what leaked.

How do I read the example result?

The example adds up to 1,244 metric tons CO₂e a year: 405 t scope 1 and 839 t scope 2. Electricity is the largest source at the eGRID2023 national average of 770.9 lb CO₂e per MWh, followed by natural gas at 218 t. For 12,000 tons of product, intensity is 104 kg CO₂e per ton.

Should I use EPA or IPCC factors?

For a U.S. corporate inventory, the EPA Emission Factors Hub is the usual choice; it gives factors per gallon, scf and short ton on a higher heating value basis. IPCC 2006 defaults are international and per unit of energy. Both give nearly the same CO₂; they differ mainly in CH₄ and N₂O, which are a small share of combustion emissions.

What grid factor should I enter?

Use the EPA eGRID rate for your eGRID subregion and the inventory year; that gives location-based scope 2. Subregions range from under 300 to over 1,500 lb CO₂e per MWh, so the national average can be far off. If you buy renewable energy certificates or a green tariff, market-based scope 2 uses the contract factor, which can be zero.

Is this a GHG inventory I can publish?

No. It is an estimate with published default factors, useful to size emissions and find where to act. A published inventory follows the GHG Protocol or ISO 14064-1 with site data, evidence and ideally third-party verification; facilities above 25,000 metric tons CO₂e a year may also have to report under EPA 40 CFR Part 98. Process emissions, wastewater, waste and scope 3 are not included.