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Injection molding cycle time and part cost

Enter wall thickness, temperatures and machine times to get the cycle and parts per hour; with resin price, press rate and mold cost, see the cost of each good part and how many cavities pay off at your volume.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Preliminary estimate
Resin and cooling

Changing the resin loads typical approximate diffusivity and temperatures; replace them with the resin data sheet values.

Cycle times
Part and material
Machine
Mold and volume
—Cost per good part
—

Cycle breakdown

Time of each step in one cycle, in seconds. Screw recovery only shows if it exceeds the cooling left after pack and hold.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Part cost versus number of cavities

Material, machine and mold amortization per good part. Faded bars do not fit in the available hours.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Cooling time versus wall thickness

Plate formula with the temperatures and diffusivity entered. The dashed line is the current thickness.

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Next step

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The calculation report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

Cooling (plate): t_c = s² ÷ (π² · α) · ln[C · (T_melt − T_mold) ÷ (T_eject − T_mold)]; C = 8/π² (average temperature) or 4/π (centerline)
Cycle = fill + pack/hold + max(t_c − pack/hold, recovery) + open/eject/close
Good parts/h = 3600 ÷ cycle · N · (1 − scrap) · efficiency; material/part = [N·m + m_runner − regrind · (m_runner + N · scrap · m)] · price ÷ [N · (1 − scrap)]
Mold: C(N) = C₁ · N^b; annual cost(N) = volume · (material + hour rate ÷ parts/h) + C(N) ÷ amortization years

Assumptions and limits

  • Conduction in an infinite plate cooled on both faces, mold at constant temperature and constant effective diffusivity. Diffusivity and temperature values in the list are approximate starting points only.
  • Pack and hold happens during cooling; screw recovery only lengthens the cycle if it exceeds the remaining cooling. The cycle is the same for any cavity count; runner mass grows in proportion to cavities.
  • Regrind replaces virgin resin 1 to 1; grinding, drying, packaging, freight, taxes and mold financing are excluded. The hour rate is constant: a larger press for more cavities usually has a higher rate.

Standards and technical documents

  • Menges, G.; Michaeli, W.; Mohren, P. How to Make Injection Molds, 3rd ed., Hanser, 2001 (cooling time of plates)
  • Osswald, T.; Turng, L.-S.; Gramann, P. Injection Molding Handbook, 2nd ed., Hanser, 2008
  • Boothroyd, G.; Dewhurst, P.; Knight, W. Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly, 3rd ed., CRC Press, 2011 (injection molding cost and cavity count)
  • Rees, H. Mold Engineering, 2nd ed., Hanser, 2002
  • ISO 22007-2: Plastics — Determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity — Transient plane heat source method

U.S. regulations

  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.212 and 1910.147: machine guarding and lockout/tagout on injection presses
  • EPA 40 CFR Part 261: identification of solid and hazardous waste (scrap and purgings disposal)

Frequently asked questions

What does this calculator do?

It estimates how long each molding cycle takes, how many good parts come off per hour and what each part costs, adding resin, press time and mold amortization. It also compares 1 to 32 cavities to show the most economical count for your annual volume. Use it to quote a new part, compare molds or decide whether thinning the wall pays off.

How is cooling time calculated?

With the classic formula for a plate cooled on both faces: time grows with the square of wall thickness and depends on melt, mold and ejection temperatures and the resin’s thermal diffusivity. In the example, a 0.08 in PP wall at 446 °F melt, with the mold at 104 °F and ejection at 194 °F, takes 6.6 s to cool.

Where do I get fill, pack and mold-open times?

From the press panel if the part is already running, or from a similar part. For a new part, start with typical values and adjust after the first trial: fill 0.5 to 2 s, pack and hold 2 to 5 s, and open, eject and close 3 to 6 s on mid-size presses. Screw recovery only lengthens the cycle if it exceeds the cooling left after pack.

How do I read the example part cost?

With an 11.6 s cycle, 4 cavities, 2% scrap and 85% efficiency, the press makes 1,031 good parts per hour. The part costs $0.201: $0.057 resin, $0.073 press time ($75/h divided by 1,031) and $0.070 mold ($106,000 spread over 1.5 million parts in 3 years), or about $201 per thousand.

How does it pick the number of cavities?

For each cavity count it adds up a year of resin, press hours and mold cost divided by the amortization years; the mold gets pricier with more cavities (0.7 exponent, after Boothroyd and Dewhurst) while the press hour is spread over more parts. In the example, at 500,000 parts a year, 6 cavities give $0.199 a part, within 3% of the 4-cavity mold, so 4 is still a sound choice. Counts that do not fit in the available hours show faded on the chart.

What are the limits?

The formula assumes a uniform wall; thick corners, uncooled cores and poorly placed water lines make the real cycle longer. The diffusivity and temperatures in the list are approximate: use the resin data sheet. The hour rate is fixed, but a mold with more cavities needs a larger press with a higher rate; check the clamp force and rework the rate in the machine hour cost calculator.