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Sheet cut list optimizer: plywood, MDF, glass and steel

Paste the parts, pick the sheet (or ask for the best one among the sizes your supplier stocks) and say whether parts may rotate. The calculator builds a guillotine plan, draws each sheet and shows yield, offcuts, cost and edge banding length.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Pre-sizing
Sheet
Cutting
Parts
See what was read

Part length is the side that runs with the grain. Separate with semicolons or paste from a spreadsheet. In the material column use text with letters (e.g. "Ply 3/4", "Ply 1/4"): each material gets its own plan.

Edge banding
—Sheets needed
—

Cost of each sheet size

Total sheet cost with each size (with no price: area lost). The highlighted bar is the recommended one.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Sheet cutting layouts

To scale, with the sheet length horizontal. Gray band: edge trim; dashed: offcuts worth keeping. Identical sheets show once, with the count. Heuristic result: a good plan, not necessarily the optimum.

Yield of each sheet

Part area ÷ full sheet area. The last sheet usually holds the largest offcut.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Part list

Next step

Take this page’s results to another calculator with the fields already filled in.

The calculation report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

Usable area = (L − 2·trim) × (W − 2·trim); placing a p × q part in an a × b offcut leaves (a − p − kerf) and (b − q − kerf)
Theoretical minimum = ⌈Σ part area ÷ usable area⌉; yield = Σ part area ÷ (sheets × L × W)
Suggest the best sheet: cost = Σ sheet prices × material factor + spare; spare = ⌈sheets × %⌉; recommended = lowest cost (with no price: least area lost = area bought − part area)
Banding = Σ qty × [min(edges, 2) × long side + max(edges − 2, 0) × short side] × (1 + waste)

Assumptions and limits

  • Guillotine heuristic with free offcuts (best area, best short side or best long side fit; offcut split along the shorter, longer or larger-area axis), trying 6 part orders. The result is a good plan, not necessarily the optimum; it is only proven optimal when it equals the theoretical minimum.
  • "Suggest the best sheet" mode: builds the plan with each ticked size and tries a mix, moving the parts of the 1 to 3 least used sheets (or of each sheet on its own) to a cheaper size. The comparison and the mix are heuristics too. Each material in the list is planned on its own sheets.
  • Defect-free sheets (the % spare covers defects and breakage only in the quantity bought). Stock offcuts, machine cut sequence, maximum cut depth and non-rectangular parts are not considered. Default sizes and prices are typical and vary by mill and supplier.

Standards and technical documents

  • Gilmore, P. C.; Gomory, R. E. Multistage cutting stock problems of two and more dimensions. Operations Research 13(1), 1965
  • Jylänki, J. A thousand ways to pack the bin: a practical approach to two-dimensional rectangle bin packing, 2010
  • Lodi, A.; Martello, S.; Vigo, D. Recent advances on two-dimensional bin packing problems. Discrete Applied Mathematics 123, 2002
  • Wäscher, G.; Haußner, H.; Schumann, H. An improved typology of cutting and packing problems. European Journal of Operational Research 183, 2007
  • ABNT NBR 15316-2: Chapas de fibras de média densidade — Parte 2: Requisitos e métodos de ensaio
  • EN 622-5: Fibreboards — Specifications — Part 5: Requirements for dry process boards (MDF)

U.S. regulations

  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.213: woodworking machinery requirements (table and panel saws)
  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95: occupational noise exposure
  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1000: air contaminants (dust from cutting wood panels)

Frequently asked questions

What does this calculator do?

It builds a cutting layout for rectangular sheets (plywood, MDF, glass or steel): how many sheets to buy, where each part goes and what is left over, with sheet cost and edge banding length. It has two modes: use one chosen sheet, or suggest the best among the sizes your supplier stocks. Use it to quote cabinets, order material and take a drawing to the panel saw.

How do I read the example result?

The 40 cabinet parts need 6 sheets of 4 × 8 ft plywood at 78.9% yield; the area-based theoretical minimum is 5. Sheets cost $330.00 and banding totals 175 ft ($43.75 with 10% waste). The 23 in deep sides and tops fit only two rows per 48 in sheet, which is why a sixth sheet is needed.

Why does part rotation matter?

Turning parts 90° nests them better and often saves sheets, but only for material with no visible grain, such as paint-grade MDF. For veneered plywood, patterned laminate or brushed metal, choose "Keep the grain": the part length always runs along the sheet length. Compare both to see what the grain costs.

How does it pick the best sheet?

In "Suggest the best sheet" mode, tick the sizes available, each with its price; it builds a plan for each size and recommends the lowest cost. In the example, with 4 × 8 ft sheets at $55 and 49 × 97 in MDF at $62, both need 6 sheets for the 40 parts, so the 4 × 8 ft sheet wins at $330.00 against $372.00. When mixing two sizes is cheaper, a "Combination" row shows up, such as 5 large sheets + 1 small one.

How is edge banding calculated?

Enter in the fifth column how many edges of each part get banding: 1 = one long edge, 2 = both long edges, 3 = both long and one short, 4 = all. The total is multiplied by quantity plus the waste entered (10% in the example). In the example the 8 doors banded on all four edges account for 63 ft of the 175 ft.

Can one list hold several materials?

Yes: write the material in an extra column, using letters (e.g. "Ply 3/4", "Ply 1/4"). Each material gets its own plan, comparison and totals, and parts of different materials never share a sheet. If a thickness costs less, enter a price factor (e.g. "Ply 1/4; 0.6"). To cover defects and breakage, use the spare: at 10%, a 6-sheet plan becomes 7 to buy.

Is the plan the best possible? What are the limits?

It is a good guillotine plan, where every cut runs edge to edge, and it is proven optimal only when it equals the theoretical minimum (part area ÷ usable sheet area); the size comparison and the mix are heuristics too. Only rectangular parts and defect-free sheets are considered, offcuts in stock are not used and the machine cut sequence is not set. Check actual sizes and prices with your supplier: some MDF is sold oversize at 49 × 97 in.