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Blending and strength correction calculator

Find how much of two products to blend for the right strength, how much concentrate or water to add to an off-spec batch and the strength of several batches blended together. Works in % w/w, °Brix and g/L.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

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Available products
Densities (optional, for volumes)

Example densities: approximate values for sucrose solutions at 68 °F (65, 20 and 45 °Brix: 11.0, 9.0 and 10.0 lb/gal). Replace them with your product’s measurements.

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Blend strength

How strength changes with the ratio or with the amount added. The dot marks the result.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Blend balance

Amount, volume and solute of each part. The solute total checks the result.

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Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

Pearson: share of A = (C − B) ÷ (A − B); parts A : B = |C − B| : |A − C| (by weight for % w/w and °Brix; by volume for g/L)
Correction: raise with A: m = X · (C₂ − C₁) ÷ (A − C₂); lower with B: m = X · (C₁ − C₂) ÷ (C₂ − B)
Batches: C = Σ (xᵢ · Cᵢ) ÷ Σ xᵢ; volume = weight ÷ density; solute = weight · % ÷ 100 or volume · g/L ÷ 1000

Assumptions and limits

  • Solute mass balance with no chemical reaction, evaporation or losses. In % w/w and °Brix amounts are weights; in g/L they are volumes and volumes are assumed to add up (no shrinkage).
  • °Brix is treated as % w/w soluble solids, which suits blending syrups and juices read at the same temperature. For concentrated acids and bases with heat of dilution use the dilution calculator.
  • Specific gravities only convert weight and volume; the example values are approximate. The real blend must be mixed and measured before release.

Standards and technical documents

  • Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 9th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2018 — material balances and densities of aqueous solutions
  • ICUMSA Methods Book, Method SPS-4: Densimetry and tables (sucrose solutions)
  • Himmelblau, D. M.; Riggs, J. B. Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 8th ed., Prentice Hall, 2012
  • AOAC Official Method 932.12: Solids (soluble) in fruits and fruit products — refractometer method

U.S. regulations

  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200: Hazard Communication
  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132: personal protective equipment when handling concentrates
  • 21 CFR Part 117: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for human food (when the product is a food)

Frequently asked questions

What is the Pearson square and when do I use it?

It is the quickest way to find the ratio for blending two products of different strengths to reach a third: parts of the stronger = C − B and parts of the weaker = A − C. In the example, going from 65 and 20 °Brix syrups to 45 °Brix takes 25 parts of the first to 20 of the second, or 1,111 lb + 889 lb in a 2,000 lb batch. It works for syrups, juices, brines, cleaning solutions and any product you can dilute.

Can I use % w/w, °Brix and g/L the same way?

The math is the same but the basis changes. In % w/w and °Brix the amounts are weights, and the result is exact. In g/L strength is per volume, so amounts are volumes and the math assumes volumes add up, which does not hold for strong acids, alcohol and very concentrated solutions. Do not mix bases: a % w/w strength cannot be combined directly with a g/L one without converting.

How do I correct an off-strength batch?

Use correction mode: enter the amount in the tank, the measured strength and the target. If the batch is weak, the calculator uses product A (the stronger one); if it is strong, diluent B. In the example, 1,600 lb at 42 °Brix needs 240 lb of the 65 °Brix syrup to reach 45 °Brix, and the batch grows to 1,840 lb. Add it gradually, mix and measure again before release.

How do I work out the strength of several blended batches?

In batch mode, paste up to four lines with name, amount and strength. The result is the average weighted by amount: 1,000 lb at 44, 600 lb at 47 and 400 lb at 41 °Brix give 2,000 lb at 44.30 °Brix. The simple average of the readings would be 44.00 °Brix, a common mistake when batch sizes differ.

What are the densities for?

Only to convert weight to volume, which helps check tank capacity or read a sight glass. In the example, 1,111 lb of A take 101 gal (11.0 lb/gal) and 889 lb of B take 98.8 gal (9.0 lb/gal); the 2,000 lb final batch at 10.0 lb/gal takes 200 gal. The example values are approximate for sucrose solutions at 68 °F: use your product’s, measured with a hydrometer.

What are the most common mistakes?

Asking for a strength outside the range between A and B (impossible, and the calculator warns you); blending by volume when strength is by weight; reading the refractometer at different temperatures; and sampling before the tank is mixed. People also forget that diluting grows the batch: check tank volume and container count.

How is this different from the site’s other solution calculators?

This one handles blends and corrections of finished products, with no reaction. To dilute sulfuric acid, caustic soda or bleach, with heat of dilution and final temperature, use the dilution calculator; to convert ppm, mol/L and percent, the concentration converter; and to prepare and standardize lab solutions, the solution preparation calculator. The next-step buttons carry this page’s values over to them.