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Spaghetti diagram: walking distance and time

Draw the trips of people or materials in the current and proposed layout and see, in distance, hours and money, how much the change saves.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

Preliminary estimateRevised 11/02/2026
Locations (x, y)
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Origin at the lower-left corner of the plan. Leave proposed x and y blank to keep the location where it is.

Moves
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Distance, time and cost

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—Distance per cycle: current → proposed
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Spaghetti diagram

Floor plan to scale, same scale for both layouts. Line thickness is proportional to trips per day; grid every .

Distance per day for each move

Moves from the longest current daily distance down, compared with the proposed layout.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Moves

Next step

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The calculation report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

Rectilinear distance d = |x₂ − x₁| + |y₂ − y₁|; Euclidean d = √((x₂ − x₁)² + (y₂ − y₁)²)
Distance per cycle = Σ d × times per cycle; per day = Σ d × times per cycle × cycles per day (or × times per day)
Walking hours per day = distance per day ÷ speed; per year = × work days
Annual saving = (current − proposed hours per year) × hourly cost

Assumptions and limits

  • Each move is one trip from origin to destination; the return trip must be entered as another move.
  • Rectilinear distance assumes orthogonal aisles; obstacles, doors and detours lengthen the real path.
  • Constant speed; time spent at each location is not included and belongs to operation time.
  • The money saving only materializes if the freed time is used for production or cuts labor cost.

Standards and technical documents

  • Ohno, T. Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production. Productivity Press, 1988 (desperdício de movimentação)
  • Tompkins, J. A. et al. Facilities Planning, 4th ed. Wiley, 2010 (distâncias retilínea e euclidiana)
  • Muther, R. Systematic Layout Planning, 4th ed. Management & Industrial Research Publications, 2015
  • Rother, M.; Harris, R. Creating Continuous Flow. Lean Enterprise Institute, 2001
  • Lean Enterprise Institute. Lean Lexicon, 5th ed., 2014 (spaghetti chart)

U.S. regulations

  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.22 (walking-working surfaces) and 1910.176 (aisles and passageways)
  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.36–37 (exit routes) and NFPA 101 Life Safety Code when relocating equipment

Frequently asked questions

What is a spaghetti diagram?

It is a drawing of the path a person or material takes through the plant, traced on the floor plan. When lines cross and double back they look like a plate of spaghetti and reveal motion waste. The calculator turns the drawing into distance, hours and money to compare the current layout with the proposed one.

How do I get location coordinates?

Use a scaled floor plan or measure with a tape from one corner of the building: x across the width and y along the length, with the origin at the lower-left corner. Mark the spot where the person stops, such as the front of the machine or bench. Accuracy of a foot or two is enough.

Per cycle or per day: how do I count moves?

Per cycle when the trip repeats with every part or batch: count how often each trip happens in one cycle (0.2 means once every 5 parts) and enter cycles per day. Per day when trips are irregular, such as fetching tools or taking scrap away: count trips on a typical day.

How do I read the example result?

In the machining example with 8 locations, the operator walks about 595 ft per part in the current layout and 126 ft in the proposed cell. At 80 parts a day, walking drops from about 4 h to under 1 h a day, roughly 790 h a year, or about US$ 30k at US$ 38 an hour.

Rectilinear or Euclidean?

Rectilinear adds the x and y moves, like walking along aisles; it is the most realistic in most plants. Euclidean is the straight line and suits open areas; it gives smaller values. Use the same one for both layouts so the comparison is fair.

What walking speed should I use?

Unloaded, people walk about 4 to 4.5 ft/s; pushing a cart or carrying a light load, around 3.3 ft/s, the example value. Best of all, time a known route a few times in your own plant.

Is the calculated saving guaranteed money?

No. It shows the value of time no longer spent walking. It becomes money when the freed time is used to produce more, cut overtime or reassign a person. Take the result to the kaizen calculator to compare it with the cost of moving machines, and check aisles, maintenance access and exit routes in the new layout.