Home / Costs & investments

Energy & utility costs

Shortcuts to the calculators that put a price on energy: steam and fuel cost, boiler efficiency, failed steam traps, thermal insulation and bare valves, compressed air and leaks, motor and drive upgrades, power factor and lighting.

Steam and fuel cost

Calculate steam cost per ton, fuel consumption and the savings from switching between gas, oil, propane and biomass, with payback and NPV.

Cost per ton, fuel use, wood, gas or oil

Heating value and equivalence

Compare the cost per useful MMBtu of wood, chips, bagasse, natural gas, propane, fuel oil and electricity, with biomass LHV by moisture (ISO 18125).

LHV by moisture, cost per useful MMBtu

Boiler efficiency and blowdown

Estimate boiler efficiency from losses (O₂ and stack temperature), the minimum blowdown from TDS and the savings from combustion tuning, an economizer and blowdown heat recovery.

O₂, stack, blowdown, economizer, flash

Failed steam traps

Estimate steam lost through traps failed open or leaking with Napier’s formula (DOE Steam Tip Sheet #1), the annual cost and the payback of a survey and replacement program.

Napier, lb/h lost, $ per year, payback

Economic insulation thickness

Calculate heat loss from pipes and surfaces, outer surface temperature and the economic insulation thickness, with payback and NPV.

Heat loss, surface temperature, thickness

Bare valves and flanges

Compute heat loss from bare valves, flange pairs and steam traps on steam or hot fluid lines, with areas from ASTM C1129 and ASME B16.5, convection and radiation, equivalent bare pipe length, energy, fuel and annual cost, and the payback of removable insulation jackets.

Heat loss, jackets, payback

Compressed air and leaks

Calculate the yearly cost of compressed air, what leaks cost and the savings from repairs and lower pressure, with payback and NPV.

Cost per cfm, leaks, pressure reduction

Motor replacement and VFD

Compare the current motor, a NEMA Premium/IE4 motor and a variable frequency drive for pumps and fans with flow profile, rewinds and payback. Based on NEMA MG 1, IEC 60034-30-1 and DOE 10 CFR 431.

NEMA Premium, IE4, VFD, load profile, payback

Power factor correction

Compute capacitor bank kvar to reach the target power factor, the drop in current and losses and the end of reactive or demand penalties, with payback.

kvar, reactive charges, payback

Industrial lighting

Size warehouse and plant lighting with the lumen method: room index, utilization factor, ISO/CIE 8995-1 illuminance, number and layout of fixtures, W/ft², annual energy and LED retrofit savings.

Lumens, fixtures, W/ft²