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Basic quality tools

The 7 basic quality tools as simple, direct pages: paste your data and download a ready chart. Check sheet, Pareto chart (with stratification and before × after), histogram (with dot plot), vertical or horizontal box plot, scatter diagram, run chart and waterfall chart of OEE losses or price to profit; shortcuts to the Ishikawa diagram and control charts.

Guide

The 7 basic quality tools

Check sheet, Pareto, fishbone, histogram, scatter diagram, control chart and stratification: what each is for, when to use it and how to combine them in PDCA. Free.

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Check sheet New

A check sheet is the simplest way to collect data on the shop floor: the operator makes a tally mark for each occurrence and, at the end of the period, the numbers are already organized for a Pareto chart or histogram. Build the check sheet by choosing the items and columns (days, shifts or hours), the location grid on the part or the measurement classes; fill it in by tapping the cells, with tally marks in groups of 5; see the totals by item and by column; print the sheet blank or filled in on A4 and take the totals to a Pareto chart or histogram.

Tally marks, A4, Pareto, histogram

Pareto chart New

A Pareto chart sorts problems from largest to smallest and shows which few causes account for most of the defects, stoppages or costs, so you know where to start. Paste the categories with their counts (or the list of occurrences) and the page draws the Pareto chart with the cumulative curve and cut-off line, points out the vital few, groups “Other”, compares frequency vs cost, Pareto by stratum and before vs after, and exports PNG, one-page PDF and xlsx.

Vital few, 80/20, cost, strata

Fishbone diagram New

A fishbone (Ishikawa, or cause-and-effect) diagram helps the team list, organize and prioritize every possible cause of a problem before acting, so it does not just chase the first idea. List the causes by category (6M or your own categories) with sub-causes, votes and status, and the page draws the fishbone automatically, highlights the prioritized causes, builds the Pareto of causes, records the 5 whys down to the root cause and exports PNG, SVG and A4 landscape PDF.

Cause and effect, 6M, 5 whys

Histogram New

A histogram shows how the measurements of one characteristic are spread: where the center is, how much they vary and whether they fit within the specification limits. It is the first tool to understand a process before computing Cpk or changing settings. Paste measurements from Excel and get a histogram with automatic or adjustable bins, normal curve, mean and ±3s, specification limits with % out, a dot plot for small samples, overlaid, stacked or paneled groups, a plain-language reading of the shape and a frequency table.

Shape, bins, % out

Box plot New

A box plot sums up many values in a single box and lets you compare several groups at once: which machine, shift or supplier has the highest level, which varies most and which parts stand out. Paste one or several columns (machines, shifts, suppliers) and get the box plot in vertical or horizontal orientation, with Minitab-method quartiles, whiskers to 1.5 × IQR, outliers labeled with value and row, the mean, individual points, a median-CI notch, ordering by median and specification limits.

Quartiles, outliers, groups

Scatter plot New

Basic quality tool to see whether two variables move together, for example whether roughness gets worse as feed rises or hardness drops with furnace temperature. You need pairs of measurements from the same part or lot. Paste X and Y (and, if you like, a group column) and the page draws the scatter diagram with the line, r and R² on the figure itself, a plain-language strength statement, the points far from the line and the quadrant reading, ready to download as PNG, PDF or spreadsheet.

X × Y, r, R², groups

Run chart New

A run chart shows a measure over time and answers whether it really changed or just wobbled by chance, without advanced statistics. It is the simplest way to prove whether an improvement worked. Paste a measure in time order (daily scrap, setup time, complaints per week) and the page draws the run chart with the median, goal and limits, highlights shifts of 6 or more points and trends of 5 or more by itself and counts the runs with the Provost and Murray table, explaining each signal in plain language.

Median, shifts, trends

Waterfall chart New

A waterfall chart explains, in one picture, how a starting value becomes a final value step by step. Use it to show where a machine’s hours are lost, how price turns into profit or why this year’s result changed. Enter the starting value, the increases and decreases and, if you like, subtotals, and the page draws the waterfall with colors for increase, decrease and total, connectors between bars and the value and % on each one. Ready-made templates for OEE losses (from calendar time to productive time, with OEE at the end) and for selling price to profit.

OEE losses, price → profit

Also useful

Control charts

Shows whether a process is stable over time, separating normal variation from signals that something changed and needs investigating. Paste measurements to build Xbar-R, Xbar-S, I-MR, I-MR-R/S, P, NP, C, U, Laney P′/U′, EWMA or CUSUM charts with tests 1 to 8, stages, historical limits, unequal subgroups and the within sigma for Cpk.

X̄-R, I-MR, P, U, EWMA, tests 1–8