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Logistics KPIs: OTIF, perfect order and cost

Enter the month’s counts (orders, lines, costs, hours) and each metric’s target. The page calculates OTIF, perfect order, fill rate, lead time, damage, logistics cost and productivity, colors each one green, amber or red and tells you where to start when something is bad.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: results do not replace design, calculations or reports signed by a licensed professional, nor verification against the applicable codes and standards.

CheckRevised 11/05/2026
Orders in the month
Fill rate
Order lead time
See what was read
Damage and returns
Logistics cost in the month
Shipping and warehouse
Targets (common market reference; edit)

The suggested values are usual references in industrial distribution, not standards. Use your contract or plan target. “≥” fields = higher is better; “≤” = lower is better.

Monthly history (optional)
See what was read
Causes of delay (optional, for the Pareto)
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Your inputs stay only on this browser and are not sent anywhere. Untick to delete them.

—OTIF for the month
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KPI dashboard

Each card shows the result, the target, the traffic light and the calculation with your numbers. For those in caution or off target, the 3 most common causes are already open.

Target attainment by metric

Result ÷ target (or target ÷ result when lower is better). The 100% line is the target.

Tap the chart to see the values.

How to read: each bar is one metric, in its traffic-light color. A bar past the 100% line = target met; the shorter, the further from target. All metrics share one scale, including lower-is-better ones (cost, lead time, damage), which are inverted so that “longer” always means “better”.

Distribution of order lead time

Histogram of the pasted list, with mean, median, 90th percentile and target.

Tap the chart to see the values.

How to read: each bar counts how many orders took that many days. The median splits orders in half; P90 is the time within which 9 out of 10 arrive. Good: bars bunched left of the target and P90 close to it. A long tail to the right shows forgotten or problem orders the average does not reveal.

OTIF month by month

Run of the pasted history, with the target.

Tap the chart to see the values.

How to read: each point is a month, in order. The dashed line is the target: points above it met the desired OTIF. Look at the direction of the last months more than at a single point; several months in a row below target point to a problem that is not chance.

Logistics cost month by month (% of revenue)

Run of the pasted history, with the target.

Tap the chart to see the values.

How to read: each point is a month. Here lower is better: points below the dashed line are within target. Cost rising together with OTIF rising may be the price of better service (expedited freight); cost rising while OTIF falls is a sign of waste.

Monthly KPI report

Key: result = value for the month; target = value entered; attainment = result ÷ target (inverted when lower is better); status = traffic light. Download as .xlsx at the end of the page.

Next step

Take this page’s results to another calculator with the fields already filled in.

The calculation report gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions and references, with fields for project, engineer and revision. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print dialog, choose Save as PDF.

Method, assumptions and references

Equations used

OTIF = orders on time and in full ÷ orders shipped; without the joint count: OTIF ≈ (on time ÷ orders) × (in full ÷ orders)
Perfect order = %on time × %in full × %damage-free × %correct documents
Line fill rate = lines filled completely ÷ lines ordered; unit fill rate = units shipped ÷ units ordered
Lead time: mean, median and P90 of the list (quantile at position (n + 1)·p, interpolated)
Damage = (orders − undamaged orders) ÷ orders; returns = orders returned ÷ orders
Logistics cost = freight + warehousing + staff + packaging; % of revenue, per order and per lb (kg)
Productivity = lines filled ÷ labor hours; occupancy = positions occupied ÷ total positions
Traffic light: higher is better → green if result ≥ target, amber if ≥ target × (1 − band); lower is better → green if ≤ target, amber if ≤ target × (1 + band)

Assumptions and limits

  • The perfect order as the product of four percentages assumes independent failures; if failures cluster in the same orders, the true perfect order rate (orders with no failure ÷ orders) is higher. The same applies to the estimated OTIF.
  • Prefilled targets are common market references for industrial distribution, not normative values; adjust them to your contract, sector and region.
  • All numbers refer to the same period and set of orders; plant-to-plant transfers and inbound freight are excluded from outbound logistics cost.

Standards and technical documents

  • Bowersox, D. J.; Closs, D. J.; Cooper, M. B.; Bowersox, J. C. Supply Chain Logistics Management, 5th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2020 (perfect order, fill rate, logistics performance)
  • ASCM (APICS) Dictionary, 17th ed.: perfect order fulfillment, fill rate, on-time delivery
  • ASCM. SCOR Digital Standard: RL.1.1 Perfect Order Fulfillment (definição de pedido perfeito)
  • Ballou, R. H. Business Logistics/Supply Chain Management, 5th ed. Pearson, 2004
  • Hyndman, R. J.; Fan, Y. Sample quantiles in statistical packages. The American Statistician 50(4), 1996 (quantil (n + 1)p)

U.S. regulations

  • UCC Article 2 (§2-503, §2-509): tender of delivery and risk of loss in sales of goods
  • 49 U.S.C. §14706 (Carmack Amendment): carrier liability for loss and damage in interstate shipments

Frequently asked questions

What is OTIF and how is it calculated?

OTIF (On Time In Full) is the share of orders delivered on time and complete at the same time. Count the orders that met both conditions and divide by total shipped: 1,068 ÷ 1,200 = 89%. Do not just multiply the two percentages if you have the joint count: the product is only an estimate.

What is the difference between OTIF and perfect order?

The perfect order also requires the order to arrive undamaged and with correct documents. That is why it is always less than or equal to OTIF. In the example, OTIF is 89% and the perfect order 85%.

What is a good OTIF target?

In industrial distribution, 95% is a common market reference; large retailers often require 97–98% by contract. There is no universal number: start from the average of recent months and raise it gradually by changing the process.

Line or unit fill rate: which one should I use?

Both. The unit fill rate is almost always higher because shortages are usually partial. The line fill rate shows how many items the customer did not get and relates more closely to complaints.

Why look at the 90th percentile of lead time, not just the average?

Because customers feel every order. A 3-day average can hide 10% of orders taking more than 5 days. P90 is the lead time you can keep 9 times out of 10: the honest number to promise.

What should logistics cost be as a share of revenue?

It varies a lot with product and region: heavy, cheap products have a high percentage; light, expensive ones a low one. Use your own history as the reference and also track cost per order and per lb, which do not move with selling price.

How do I find the cause of low OTIF?

Record the reason for each late or short order and paste the list of causes in the Pareto field. The “Pareto of delay causes” button opens the chart already filled in; usually two or three causes, such as stockouts and carrier delays, explain most of it.